10. Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein was the president of Iraq for over two decades, and was the Middle Eastern state’s leader when the Gulf War broke out. He was notorious for instigating the deaths of thousands of Kurds, Shabaks, Assyrians, Mandeans and other ethnic groups who rose up against him. He led the conflict with neighboring countries, including the invasion of Kuwait which led to the Gulf War where the United States became involved. His war on Kuwait and Iraq, as well as the atrocities he committed, claimed the lives of about 2 million people. He spent over nine years of hiding until his capture in 2003. He was executed in 2006.

11. Ismail Enver Pasha

Ismail Enver Pasha was Minister of War and Commander-In-Chief of the Ottoman Empire during World War I. He also led the Balkan Wars. Enver Pasha was known to have lost battle after battle. To compensate for one of his defeats, he perpetrated the Armenian genocide where more than 1.5 million Armenians were killed. He was also a part of the Greek genocide instituted by the Ottoman Empire against the Christian Greeks in Turkey which involved massacres, forced deportations involving death marches, summary expulsions, and arbitrary execution. It was estimated that between 450,000 and 750,000 died in this campaign. Enver Pasha died in a battle against the Russians in 1922.